Post-tensioned coupled shear WALL system is a new type of seismic lateral force resisting systems with self-centering capability. In this system, the coupling beam is not embedded into the WALLs, and coupling of concrete WALLs is achieved by posttensioning beam to the WALLs using unbonded post-tensioning (PT) strands. In this research, the cyclic behavior of post-tensioned steel coupling beam with FRICTION devices at the beam-to-WALL connection region is experimentally evaluated. Three 2/3-scale specimens were tested subjected to quasi‐, static lateral loading. The specimens consisted of one control specimen without energy dissipation system and two specimens equipped with FRICTION devices with different levels of damper normal force. FRICTION devices are used at the beam-to-WALL connections to slip and dissipate the seismic input energy. The test results revealed that the specimens equipped with FRICTION devices have excellent lateral stiffness, strength, and ductility, and have significant energy dissipation capacity and negligible residual displacements under reversed cyclic loading. In addition, the specimens is able to tolerate large nonlinear rotations without significant damage in the beam and the WALL region. Adding FRICTION devices increased the load-carrying capacity by 47% to 62% and significantly increased the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens. With a 30% increase in the damper normal force, the load capacity increased by about 10%, the average relative energy dissipation ratio by about 15% and the mean cumulative energy dissipation capacity by about 33%.

A combined dynamical and statistical model for fission was employed in our calculation. There is no doubt that a Langevin description plus a Monte Carlo treatment of the evaporation processes provide the most adequate dynamical description. In this paper, we would consider a strongly shaped dependent FRICTION force and we use the numerical method rather than the analytical one. The objective of this article is to calculate the time dependent fission widths of the224Th nucleus. The fission widths were calculated with both CHAOS-WEIGHTED WALL FRICTION (CWWF) and WALL FRICTION (WF) dissipations. The calculations are repeated for 100000 trajectories. The result was compared to the others' work. We use nuclear elongation coordinate with time and it is necessary to repeat the small steps many times to improve the accuracy.

The seismic design of buildings ought to be done to decrease the expenses of building repairing after an earthquake. Self-centering systems such as the post-tensioned concrete WALL can provide this purpose. In this study, to evaluate the seismic behavior of the post-tensioned concrete WALL with FRICTION-based damper (FBD), the proposed system, the post-tensioned concrete WALL with energy dissipator (ED) bars, and the concrete shear WALL are subjected to the cyclic and nonlinear response history analyses at three, six, and ten-story buildings using OpenSees software. Based on the cyclic analysis, the total energy dissipation coefficients for the post-tensioned concrete WALL with FBD in three, six, and ten-story buildings are respectively 1.37, 1.40, and 2.02 times of that obtained for the post-tensioned concrete WALL with energy dissipator bars system, and are respectively 1.15, 1.05, and 1.72 times of that achieved for the concrete shear WALL system. According to the results of the applied seven earthquake records, the average of the maximum drift in the concrete shear WALL system is less than the other systems in the lower floors, and the average of the maximum drift in the upper floors in the post-tensioned concrete WALL with FBD is less than the other systems.

This study was carried out to identify the best required time for stratification along with the optimum time and generation power test of seeds. The treatments include 22 different periods of stratification from 10 to 32 days. The experiment was done as completely random design blocks with four replicate with 30 seeds within each block. The Ending time of stratification period was the same for all treatments. The percentage of rotten seeds, seed germination and rootlet length were measured, and then the obtained data were analyzed statistically. The results indicated that Chilgoza seeds incubated in temperature of 4°C for 33 days could germinate 38%. While the seeds with less than 16 days has no germination power. In general, this study suggests the period of 23-30 days as the best time for stratifying Chilgoza seeds.

Objective: To investigate the FRICTION of rabbit’s knee joint with designed pendulum FRICTION tester to diagnose and evaluate different pathological and therapeutic conditions following haemarthrosis, osteoarthritis, and other joint disorders. Materials and Methods: FRICTION coefficient of 10 adult male Albino rabbit’s joint (5 right and 5 left knees) weighted 1.59 ± 0.27 Kg, after designing and compiling the instrument and its processing software in the Physiotherapy department of Tarbiat Modares University were measured. Maximaum pendulum rotation, number of oscillations to reach equilibrium, coefficient of FRICTION with Stanton’s equation, exponential and linear curve fitting, average logarithmic and linear decrement methods were measured. Results: Maximum rotation after pendulum releasing in the left joints were higher than the right ones, P<0.001. Number of oscillations to reach equilibrium in the left knees were also greater than the right knees, P=0.005. All different FRICTION estimation methods had the same results and showed greater FRICTION in the right in comparison to the left side. Conclusion: The pattern of the joints amplitude decay did not have a linear behaviour and the rabbit’s knee joint coefficient of FRICTION with nonlinear estimations was less than linear ones. The findings revealed that selecting a separate control group in such investigation is essential and the contralateral limb could not be considered as control group. Pendulum FRICTION tester has the capability of evaluating changes in coefficient of FRICTION after application of different therapeutic methods. These changes have important role in diagnosis, evaluation of joint diseases and developing techniques for treating those pathologies.